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Kvm虚拟机的桥接网络实战【显哥出品,必为精品】

Kvm lixian 4年前 (2020-07-31) 1900次浏览 2个评论 扫描二维码
文章目录[隐藏]

一、虚拟机网络模式介绍

1.Net模式

默认情况下,虚拟网络交换机以NAT模式运行。他们使用IP伪装而不是SNAT(Source-NAT)或DNAT(Destination-NAT)。IP伪装使得连接的guest虚拟机可以使用主机物理机器IP地址与任何外部网络进行通信。默认情况下,虚拟网络交换机在NAT模式下运行时,放置在主机物理机外部的计算机无法与其中的guest虚拟机进行通信
Kvm虚拟机的桥接网络实战【显哥出品,必为精品】

2.桥接模式

在使用桥接模式时,所有虚拟机都好像与主机物理机器在同一个子网内。同一物理网络中的所有其他物理机器都知道这些虚拟机,并可以访问这些虚拟机。桥接操作在OSI网络模型的第2层。
在中间件(hypervisor )中可以使用多个物理接口,通过绑定把他们连接在一起,然后把它添加的网桥,同时虚拟机也被添加到这个网桥,绑定操作有多种模式,只有少数这些模式可以与虚拟客机正在使用的桥接器配合使用。
Kvm虚拟机的桥接网络实战【显哥出品,必为精品】

二、桥接网络搭建实战

1.创建一个桥接网络

[root@kvm01-server /opt]# virsh   iface-bridge   eth0  br0
Created bridge br0 with attached device eth0
Bridge interface br0 started

[root@kvm01-server /opt]# ip a
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:0e:90:4d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

20: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:0e:90:4d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.0.11/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global br0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe0e:904d/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@kvm01-server /opt]# cat  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE="br0"
[root@kvm01-server /opt]# cat  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0 
DEVICE="br0"
ONBOOT="yes"
TYPE="Bridge"
BOOTPROTO="none"
IPADDR="10.0.0.11"
NETMASK="255.255.255.0"
GATEWAY="10.0.0.2"
STP="on"
DELAY="0"

2.修改虚拟机的配置文件

[root@kvm01-server /opt]# virsh edit  web01

     74     <interface type='bridge'>		#修改网络类型
     75       <mac address='52:54:00:6b:e9:89'/>
     76       <source bridge='br0'/>			#修改网卡名称 

3.启动并连接虚拟机

[root@kvm01-server /opt]# virsh  start   web01
Domain web01 started

[root@kvm01-server /opt]# virsh  console  web01
Connected to domain web01
Escape character is ^]

4.虚拟机操作测试

#修改网络信息
[root@kvm ~]# vi  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
NAME=eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=10.0.0.101
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=10.0.0.2
DNS1=10.0.0.2

#重启网络
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl  restart  network


[root@kvm ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:6b:e9:89 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.0.101/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe6b:e989/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever


[root@kvm ~]# cat  /etc/resolv.conf 
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 10.0.0.2

[root@kvm ~]# ping baidu.com
PING baidu.com (220.181.38.148) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 220.181.38.148 (220.181.38.148): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=27.3 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.148 (220.181.38.148): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=28.3 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.148 (220.181.38.148): icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=27.3 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.148 (220.181.38.148): icmp_seq=5 ttl=128 time=31.1 ms
--- baidu.com ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 4 received, 20% packet loss, time 13046ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 27.346/28.536/31.141/1.562 ms

#关闭NetworkManager
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl  stop NetworkManager
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl  disable NetworkManager

#远程连接虚拟机
[C:\~]$ ssh  root@10.0.0.101
Connecting to 10.0.0.101:22...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.

Last login: Thu Jul 30 16:50:01 2020
[root@kvm ~]# 


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(2)个小伙伴在吐槽
  1. Reading your article helped me a lot and I agree with you. But I still have some doubts, can you clarify for me? I'll keep an eye out for your answers.
  2. Can you be more specific about the content of your article? After reading it, I still have some doubts. Hope you can help me.